This study investigated the effects of in ovo injection of organic manganese on the hatchability of eggs of broiler breeder hens. It also evaluated the performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, liver enzymes, immune system response and intestinal microbiota in offspring broiler chickens. For the in ovo injection, 320 fertile eggs were selected from the Ross 308 breeder hens’ flock at 55 weeks with the same average weight (65±1 g). Treatment 1: negative control group (no injection), treatment 2: positive control (injection of 0.272 mL of normal saline solution), treatment 3 (Mn20): injection of 0.272 mL of a solution containing 73.52 μg of organic manganese (20 μg for each egg), and treatment 4 (Mn30): injection of 0.272 mL solution containing 110.28 μg of organic manganese (30 μg for each egg). Hatched chicks were raised based on a completely random design, including four treatments and four replications with commercial diets based on corn-soybean meal. The results showed that in ovo injection of organic manganese led to an improvement in the hatchability compared to the positive control treatment, but the highest percentage belonged to the treatment without injection (negative control) (P < 0.05). In the whole period, no negative effects were observed on production performance, carcass characteristics and gut morphometry after injection (P > 0.05). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, protein, albumin, globulin uric acid, creatine kinase, erythrocytes and the average volume of red blood cells of chickens increased in the groups injected with organic manganese (P < 0.05) but alkaline phosphatase decreased (P < 0.05). Birds injected with organic manganese had the lowest leukocytes and heterophils and the highest lymphocytes (P < 0.05). In addition, a reduction of coliform and Escherichia coli populations and an increase of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria after in ovo injection of organic manganese was found (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in ovo injection of organic manganese, without having a positive effect on the hatchability, had both positive and negative effects on the biochemical parameters of the blood and the immune system. Moreover, it was effective in improving the chicken’s cecal microbiota.

Liposarcoma of the digestive tract is very rare; only a few cases of liposarcoma of the stomach have been reported so far. In this article a 29-year-old woman is presented with a history o! Long-standing mid-abdominal pain and various treatments for anemia and peptic ulcer disease which did not improve her symptoms; until a barium-enema revealed a filling defect in the cecum. Under laparotomy a lobulated lipoma-like tumor with yellowish color was seen which measured 3×4cm. A right hemicolectomy was performed. The pathology reported a liposarcoma of the cecum with no mesenteric lymph node involvement. The patient is free of disease 1.5 years after surgery. As far as we know, this is the first reported case of liposarcoma of the large bowel in the world.    

Background: Gut microbiota contains many types of parasites, viruses, archaebacteria, and bacteria. There is a bilateral relationship between the gut microbiota and the immune system, and they regulate each other. Many experiments have used Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI disorders. FMT has beneficial effects on patients with Clostridioides difficile. The aim of the current review article was to gain insight on the relationship between gut microbiota and various immune system components in order to investigate its links with various human diseases as well as to explore the application of FMT-based therapeutic interventions in several GI and non-GI disorders. Materials and methods: Systematically, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct databases using the following keywords: Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Microbiota, and Immune system. Finally, 127 articles in English language reporting Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Microbiota, and Immune system were included for the final analysis. Conclusion: FMT is one of the novel therapeutic approaches in the field of medicine that improves and modulates GI microbiota. For this reason, physicians and researchers are making an attempt to use it to treat various GI and non-GI diseases. The GI microbiota is important in metabolism, immune system modulation, the synthesis of various types of vitamins, etc. Currently, FMT is proposed by the FDA (The US Food and Drug Administration) for patients with Clostridioides difficile who do not respond to standard therapies. Currently, FMT-based therapeutic interventions have scarcely been applied for the treatment of other diseases, such as IBD. Nevertheless, it is still considered as an efficient therapy for some of IBD patients. However, several concerns regarding the clinical application of FMT are still remaining to be addressed necessiating conducting further detailed studies in this regard.

Stromal or mesenchymal neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract are relatively rare lesions. A far less common group of Gastrointestinal (GI) mesenchymal tumors is leiomyoma. Surgery is the mainstay treatment for leiomyoma. Complete endoscopic resection of the tumor could be challenging due to its submucosal origin. In this study, we reported a case of a 48-year-old woman with leiomyoma of the cecum, i. e. treated by endoscopic resection.

Abdominal tuberculosis is one of the most prevalent forms of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Various regions of gastrointestinal tract including cecum, terminal ileum, peritoneum, lymphatic system, and solid viscera can be affected by tuberculosis. Here we report a 33-year-old woman presented with fever, chills, and a history of abdominal discomfort. Lymphadenopathy was detected on physical examination. Contrast computed tomography of chest and abdomen showed patchy densities and thickening of the ileocecal wall respectively. Histological studies of the biopsy samples documented the existence of tuberculosis.

Introduction: Cecal volvulus is an uncommon cause of large bowel obstruction in developed countries. Cecal vovulus is the second most common type of colonic volvulus, accounting for 10-40 % of colonic volvulus and 2% of all cases of adult intestinal obstraction.Case Report: We presented a case of cecal vovulus in 52 years old man. In this case Cecum was twisted axialy and severely distended with patchy gangrenous areas, but there was no perforation.Conclusion: In most cases of Cecal vovulus resection by hemicolectomy is favoured, except in patients with a viable cecum and high degrees of comorbidity. In these cases cecopexy may be considered.